Answer:
The correct choice is ''ion electrochemical gradients''.
Diffusion of ions across membranes through specific ion channels is driven by <u>ion electrochemical gradients</u>.
Explanation:
An electrochemical gradient can be considered as that electrical (electrostatic pressure) and chemical (diffusion) force that determine the movement of molecules and ions across the membrane. This electrochemical gradient, in addition to causing movement of substances through cell membranes, is also a type of potential energy available for the performance of different cellular activities, potential energy called membrane potential.
D) differences between species and their ancestors
This is because of the adaptive mechanism and mutations the organisms have to respond to. <span>Adaptation processes occur to help species survive and thrive in the ecological balance of life. Structural adaptations are physical features of an organism that adapted through time. An example of this are the bills of a bird and the fur of bears that they generally need for their survival; birds for hunting, and bears to protect them from low climate areas.</span>
Answer:
Makali may produce only small amounts of a non-mutated (wild-type) GALT enzyme.
Makali may have normal amounts of GALT, but the enzyme may be mutated.
Explanation:
Makali is lactose intolerant because of his ancestry. Because of this he is not able to digest any lactose which indirectly protected him from galactosemia. Thus he must avoid consuming galactose. He has a low GALT or galactose 1‑phosphate uridylyltransferase activity. He has a normal amount of GALT and may produce only small amounts.
Answer:
The invention of the microscope led to the discovery of the cell by Hooke. While looking at cork, Hooke observed box-shaped structures, which he called “cells” as they reminded him of the cells, or rooms, in monasteries. This discovery led to the development of the classical cell theory.
Explanation:
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