Answer: Naming the function
Explanation:
The first item for defining the function is the naming of the function. In the function, the first line is known as header and rest of the function is known as body of the function.
The function name is the first step while defining the proper function as we can define the actual function name on which the program are rest based.
We can define a function from which the each value from the set of the components are basically associated with the second component in that particular function.
Answer:
Input validation, Allowing script input, and Escaping metacharacters
Explanation:
A programmer can implement the most effective way to prevent XSS by validating input, coding defensively, escaping metacharacters, and rejecting all script-like input.
Answer:
return 8 * x
Explanation:
Given
The attached code segment
Required
Which single statement can replace the program body
From calculate(), we have:

The first line (x = x + x) implies that:

So, on the next line; 2x will be substituted for x
i.e.
becomes


So, on the third line; 4x will be substituted for x
i.e.
becomes


In programming: 8x = 8 * x:
This means that: return 8 * x can be used to replace the body