Question

Nitrogen released from the breakdown of proteins A) is used to synthesize liver glycogen. B) travels in the bloodstream to the lungs, where it is excreted when we exhale. C) triggers acidosis. D) is used in the synthesis of urea, which is excreted by the kidneys in the urine.

Answer 1

Nitrogen released from the breakdown of proteins is used in the synthesis of urea, which is excreted by the kidneys in the urine.

• The urea acid cycle transforms the nitrogen waste released during this process into urea, which is then excreted in the urine.
• Amino acids can be converted into energy during famine and go via the Krebs cycle.
• Muscle protein is broken down into amino acids while fasting, some of which are partially oxidized to provide energy.
• These amino acids are split up into alanine and glutamine, which are released into the circulation together with other amino acids.
• Several tissues, notably the stomach and kidney, oxidize glutamine, converting some of its carbons and nitrogen to alanine.
• The liver is where alanine and other amino acids are processed into glucose and ketone bodies and nitrogen.

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