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Andrei [34K]
3 years ago
5

The charaterists jupture nd saturan share

Biology
1 answer:
Afina-wow [57]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

Both Saturn and Jupiter resemble stars in that their bulk chemical composition is dominated by hydrogen. Also, as is the case for Jupiter, the tremendous pressure in Saturn’s deep interior maintains the hydrogen there in a fluid metallic state.

Explanation:

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How does smoking make an individual more susceptible to infections?
Elenna [48]

Answer:

The active smokers and those getting exposed, that is, passive smokers are at enhanced threat of bacterial infections. Getting exposed to tobacco smoke enhances vulnerability to respiratory tract infections, comprising pneumonia, tuberculosis, and Legionnaires disease.  

Smoking compromises the anti-bacterial activities of leukocytes incorporating monocytes, neutrophils, B cells, and T cells, thus, demonstrating the mechanism for enhanced risk of infections.  

5 0
2 years ago
What role can exosomes play in disease treatment? who can tell me detailed information? Any help would be appreciated. Thanks in
jolli1 [7]

Answer:

Exosomes as Therapeutic Target

Given the fact that elevated exosome levels are often correlated with greater severity of different types of cancer, reducing circulating exosomes to normal levels is one of therapeutic strategies to increase treatment efficacy. There are different approaches to modulate exosome production: 1) Inhibition of exosome formation: inhibit crucial proteins involved in exosome formation pathway; 2) Inhibition of exosome release: inhibit important regulators of exosome release process, increased intracellular Ca2+, change cellular microenvironmental pH; 3) Inhibition of exosome uptake: add proteinase for surface proteins on exosomes may serve as receptors for uptake pathways. In addition to control exosomes production, removal of exosomes from the entire circulatory system might be a novel strategy for cancer treatment.

Exosomes could also be used as cancer immunotherapy becasue tumor-derived exosomes carry antigens that is a great source of specific stimulus for the immune response against tumors. Both tumor-derived and dendritic cell-derived exosomes have showed capability to stimulate tumor antigen-specific responses in experimental animal models and human clinical trials.

Exosomes as Targeted Drug Delivery Vehicles

Exosomes became one of the most common methods applied in drug delivery system because of several advantages they have. Firstly, exosomes normally have a small size 40-100 nm, which is more homogenous compared to other microvesicles. This will lead them to evade rapid clearance by the mononuclear phagocyte and enhances passage through fenestrations in the vessel wall. Secondly, due to their endogenous origin, they are less toxic for and better tolerated by the immune system. It facilitates them to avoid causing side effects that normally occur with synthetic nanoparticles. Additionally, the specific ligand or protein expressed on the exosome surface increases efficiency of cargo into the cytosol of the target cell, and therefore fewer off-target effects. Exosomes are generally found most useful as a drug delivery medium in cancer therapy, anti-inflammation and gene interference therapy such as transferring of miRNA.

There are different kinds of cargos encapsulated by exosomes, especially like siRNA or miRNA. The delivery of RNA is attracting because they are rapid degradation in cell circulation and have the limitation in passing through the membrane and in cellular uptake. Chemotherapeutics loaded into exosomes is also used for cancer therapy such as doxorubicin. In principle, there are four key components to achieve correct functionality and efficacy during exosomes drug delivery:1) Choosing the donor cell type to produce drug-carrying exosomes; 2) Using correspond methods to encapsulate the exosomes cargo; 3) Enhancing the specificity of cargo delivery by targeting peptides on the surface of the exosomes; 4) Administrating exosomes to target the area of disease.

Explanation:

https://www.creative-biostructure.com/exosome-applications-652.htm

5 0
2 years ago
Frank uses improper body position to lift a heavy box and strains the muscles in his lumbar region. which muscles are most likel
forsale [732]
Lumbar region refers to the lower back or lower spine.

important muscles of the lumbar spines are:
1) multifidus - stabilizes and rotates the lumbar spine
2) longissimus 
3) spinalis

lower back pain are caused by improper posture, compression fracture, muscle injuries, fractured vertebrae, spinal stenosis, osteoarthritis, herniated disc.

5 0
2 years ago
Which of the following statements about molecular switches is false?
CaHeK987 [17]

Answer:

(a) Phosphatases remove the phosphate from GTP on GTP-binding proteins, turning them off

Explanation:

  • A molecular switches are molecule that can be reversibly shifted between two or more stable states.
  • The molecules may be shifted between the states in response to environmental stimuli, such as changes in pH, light, temperature, an electric current, micro-environment, or in the presence of ions and other ligands.

4 0
3 years ago
Summary about food chain
EleoNora [17]
The food chain is a system in which food is connected with the ecosystem. Ex:composers, producers, decomposers,etc.
6 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
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