Explanation:
<u>the Paleozoic Era </u>
The Precambrian era describes a period of time that pre-dates Cambrian. This time typically references the entire period of the history of earth before the formation of rocks containing identifiable fossils occurred. It covers the majority of Earth’s history and is divided into the Hadean, Archean and the Proterozoic era.
Just before the Cambrian eruption, in the Paleozoic Era the environment was oxygenated, culminating in an explosion of new life in the Proteozoic Eon (2500-541 million years ago) in the form of primitive blue-green algae named cyanobacteria and oxygen based species. Multicellular species followed later, along with structure at higher levels, and complex life. Oxygen levels grew gradually over this period of time, from low levels.
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Answer:
In eukaryotic cells you find core and proximal promoters.
Promotors are specific DNA sequences where transcription factors (proteins) and RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription. Promotors are located upstream the coding sequence
Core promoters are where RNA polymersae binds and proximal promoters are where transcription factors bind.
Enhancer elements are DNA sequences where transcription factors (proteins) bind to increase the rate of expresion of an specific gene. Enhancers can be located either upstream, downstream or thousands of nucleotids away from the of the coding region.
Explanation:
Promoters and enhancer are key elements for controling gene regulation. Transcription begins when chromatin rearranges from a condensed state to a accesible state, this allow to transcrition factors and RNA polymerase to bind specif DNA sequences (promotors). Proteins bind to enhancers , this complex develops a DNA loop, so that the protein that is bound to the enhancer interacts with the RNA polymersase. When this interaction is made, the activity of the RNA polymerase is increased.
Answer:
By changing a gene's instructions for making a protein, a mutation can cause the protein to malfunction or to be missing entirely. When a mutation alters a protein that plays a critical role in the body, it can disrupt normal development or cause a medical condition.
All cells require enzymes<span> to survive and </span>function.Enzymes<span> are catalysts, which means that they make chemical reactions go faster, but are not changed by the reaction.</span>
Answer:
Controlled group does not receive the treatment. It used as a benchmark to measure how different tested subjects affected the result of the experiment.
For example, the famous experiment of whether plants grow faster with music in one room and without music in the other room. The plant in the no music room is the controlled group.
