Answer:
During the pre-Civil War era, the lives of white settlers in the north were very different from those in the south.
In the north were the most populated cities of that time: New York, Philadelphia and Boston. Its population was predominantly urban, and its territory was highly industrialized, so most of the inhabitants had jobs related to the industry. The small percentage of people who dedicated themselves to agricultural tasks did it in their respective smallholdings using wage labor or exploiting their land on their own. Slavery was not accepted in these lands, so whites and African Americans were, in theory, on a level of equality.
The situation in the south was different, much less populated (it had 9 million inhabitants in 1860, compared to 22 million inhabitants in the north). Here, heavy industry had not developed; The only industry present was textile processing, and it was not so massive to be one of the main economic activities in the region. In this region, whites were engaged in agricultural exploitation, using slave labor (of the 9 million inhabitants, 3 million were African-American slaves), while large landowners kept the benefits.
