The <u>vesicles</u> pick up whole and partial neurotransmitters from the synaptic gap and bring them into the terminal button, where other structures recycle these neurotransmitters for future use.
Within the presynaptic terminals is where the synthesis of the small-molecule neurotransmitters takes place. A process known as slow axonal transport is responsible for moving enzymes from the neuronal cell body to the cytoplasm of nerve terminals at a rate of 0.5–5 millimetres each day. These enzymes are necessary for the production of transmitters and are produced in the neuronal cell body. Transporter proteins, which are typically located in the plasma membrane of the nerve terminal, are the ones responsible for bringing the precursor chemicals that these synthetic enzymes use into the terminal. Enzymes produce a neurotransmitter pool in the cytoplasm, which must then be loaded into synaptic vesicles using transport proteins in the vesicular membrane. Within the synaptic vesicles, the final synthetic steps of the production of certain small-molecule neurotransmitters are actually carried out.
Answer: The most serious of these mutations will be the insertion of 2 bases. Becasue the genetic code is read in triplets, a 2 base insetion will alter the reading frame of the code causing a frameshift mutation meaning every amino acid after the site of the mutation will be incorrect.
