Answer:
Chemotherapy drugs and other toxins are actively pumped out of cancer cells by transmembrane proteins.
Explanation:
Drugs inside the cell can be inactivated by oxidation and / or conjugation with glutathione, such as glutathione S-transferases, playing an important role in detoxification. However, conjugation is not enough for drug elimination. And this is where the GS-X pumps appear. Transporter proteins, such as Mrp protein, act as GS-X pumps. The PgP, Mrp and Bcrp proteins function as expulsion pumps, thus reducing the intracellular accumulation of drugs, causing resistance in cancer cells.
Answer: 3 moles Na
Explanation: To find the number of moles of Na, divide the number of atoms of Na with the Avogadro's Number.
1.806x10²⁴ atoms Na x 1 mole Na / 6.022x10²³ atoms Na
= 2.99 or 3 moles Na
Answer:
The molar mass of H₂O₂ (the solute) in the aqueous solution of
H₂O₂ is 51 g
Explanation:
Given;
H₂O₂ compound
Concentration of aqueous solution of H₂O₂ = 1.5M
The molecular mass of H₂O₂ = (1 x 2) + (16 x 2) = 34 g/mol
Reacting mass (g) = Concentration x Molar mass
Reacting mass (g) = 1.5 x 34
Reacting mass (g) = 51 g
Therefore, the molar mass of H₂O₂ (the solute) in the aqueous solution of
H₂O₂ is 51 g
Answer:
a) pH = 13.176
b) pH = 13
c) pH = 12.574
d) pH = 7.0
e) pH = 1.46
f) pH = 1.21
Explanation:
HBr + NaOH ↔ NaBr + H2O
∴ equivalent point:
⇒ mol acid = mol base
⇒ (Va)*(0.150mol/L) = (0.025L)*(0.150mol/L)
⇒ Va = 0.025 L
a) before addition acid:
⇒ <em>C </em>NaOH = 0.150 M
⇒ [ OH- ] = 0.150 M
⇒ pOH = - Log ( 0.150 )
⇒ pOH = 0.824
⇒ pH = 14 - pOH
⇒ pH = 13.176
b) after addition 5mL HBr:
⇒ <em>C </em>NaOH = (( 0.025)*(0.150) - (0.005)*(0.150)) / (0.025 + 0.005) = 0.1 M
⇒ <em>C </em>HBr = (0.005)*(0.150) / ( 0.03 ) = 0.025 M
⇒ [ OH- ] = 0.1 M
⇒ pOH = 1
⇒ pH = 13
c) after addition 15mL HBr:
⇒ <em>C </em>NaOH = ((0.025)*(0.150) - (0.015)*(0.150 ))/(0.04) = 0.0375 M
⇒ <em>C </em>HBr = ((0.015)*(0.150))/(0.04) = 0.0563 M
⇒ [ OH- ] = 0.0375 M
⇒ pOH = 1.426
⇒ pH = 12.574
d) after addition 25mL HBr:
equivalent point:
⇒ [ OH- ] = [ H3O+ ]
⇒ Kw = 1 E-14 = [ H3O+ ] * [ OH- ] = [ H3O+ ]²
⇒ [ H3O+ ] = 1 E-7
⇒ pH = 7.0
d) after addition 40mL HBr:
⇒ <em>C</em> HBr = ((0.04)*(0.150) - (0.025)*(0.150)) / (0.04 + 0.025) = 0.035 M
⇒ [ H3O+ ] = 0.035 M
⇒ pH = 1.46
d) after addition 60mL HBr:
⇒ <em>C</em> HBr = ((0.06)*(0.150) - (0.025)*(0.150)) / (0.06+0.025) = 0.062 M
⇒ [ H3O+ ] = 0.062 M
⇒ pH = 1.21
Explanation:
Glass is not a liquid in the strictest sense of the word. But it is also not a standard solid. The chemistry of glass is complex and research is ongoing, but the current consensus is that glass is a phase of matter all its own, known as an "amorphous solid". Scientists refer to any amorphous solid as a "glass". Glass transitions are highly complex and cannot be treated in the same way as traditional phase transitions.
