What is there to answer?(inside joke) lol
Muslims invaded North Africa and occupied those territories and imposed jizya on the people. After a while the Non-Muslims were sick of being oppressed by the invaders and decided to become Muslims so that the burden of an extra tax would be removed.
They were loyal to church and nation but they were more loyal to nation
Answer:
Modernization theory.
Explanation:
Modernization theory is a concept used to describe a nation's cycle of transformation as it moves from a traditional to a modern one. It emerged in the 1950s as an explanation of how North America and Western Europe's industrial societies evolved. It is based on the notion that technological advancement, scientific progress, technological advancement, mobility, and economic growth are vital elements of industrial societies and continuously strives by developing nations.