To your first question--James Madison is widely known as the architect of the US Constitution (Although in reality it was the result of team work by 56 delegates).
To your second question--The six key principles outlined in the US Constitution are:
1. Popular Sovereignty (i.e. democracy or rule by the people)
2. Limited Government (i.e. again, democracy or the government can only do what the people instructs it to do)
3. Separation of Powers (there are three branches of power: legislative, executive, and judicial AND they are separate from each other)
Which brings me to...
4. Checks and Balances (each branch "checks and balances" the other two branches' power. For ex: the US President can veto congressional bills, Congress can ratifies judicial nominees, and the Supreme Court decides on the constitutionality of congressional bills).
5. Judicial Reviews (the judicial branch reviews governmental actions)
6. Federalism (there is a federal and a state government. These are separate from each other)
Answer: I would say the best answer is b) drafting initiatives.
Explanation: The city council listens to citizen demands and the council prepares the budget
Answer: Hatshepsut, also spelled Hatchepsut, female king of Egypt (reigned in her own right c. 1473–58 BCE) who attained unprecedented power for a woman, adopting the full titles and regalia of a pharaoh. Thutmose III was a skilled warrior who brought the Egyptian empire to the zenith of its power by conquering all of Syria, crossing the Euphrates (see Tigris-Euphrates river system) to defeat the Mitannians, and penetrating south along the Nile River to Napata in the Sudan
Explanation:
This type of Government is known as a federal government.
Answer: D. The Demographic transition
Explanation: Demographic transition explains the association between population growth and economic development. It explains the high infant mortality and high birth rate associated with non-industrial, low technology and many developing countries and the low infant mortality, low birth rate commonly found in industrial, high technology and high level of education found in developed countries.
It is an historical overview which shows high birth rate in low industrial and developing countries and low birth rate in industrial and developed countries.
