Fundamentally, economics deals with scarcity. Assuming humans have unlimited wants within a world of limited means, economists analyze how resources are allocated for production, distribution, and consumption. The study of microeconomics focuses on the choices of individuals and businesses, and macroeconomics concentrates,
On the behavior of the economy as a whole, on an aggregate level. One of the earliest recorded economists was the 8th-century B.C. Greek farmer and poet Hesiod who wrote that labor, materials, and time needed to be allocated efficiently to overcome scarcity. The publication of Adam Smith's 1776 book,
An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations sparked the beginning of the current Western contemporary economic theories.
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