The major Atlantic slave trading nations, ordered by trade volume, were: the Portuguese<span>, the </span>British<span>, the </span>French<span>, the </span>Spanish<span>, and the </span>Dutch Empire. Several had established outposts on the African coast where they purchased slaves from local African leaders.[5]These slaves were managed by a factor who was established on or near the coast to expedite the shipping of slaves to the New World. Slaves were kept in a factory while awaiting shipment. Current estimates are that about 12 million Africans were shipped across the Atlantic,[6]<span> although the number purchased by the traders is considerably higher, as the passage had a high death rate.</span>[7][8]<span> Near the beginning of the nineteenth century, various governments acted to ban the trade, although illegal smuggling still occurred. In the early twenty-first century, several governments issued apologies for the transatlantic slave trade.</span>
Both egyptian and chinese written languages use pictures as a basis (aka pictographs). On the other hand, our alphabet and the alphabets it stems from base their characters on sounds.
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The Battle of Galveston was a naval and land battle of the American Civil War, when Confederate forces under Major Gen. John B. Magruder expelled occupying Union troops from the city of Galveston, Texas on January 1, 1863.
After the loss of the cutter Harriet Lane, the Union Fleet Commander William B. Renshaw blew up the stranded vessel USS Westfield to save it from falling into enemy hands. Union troops on shore thought the fleet was surrendering, and laid down their arms. The battle is sometimes called the Second Battle of Galveston, as the Battle of Galveston Harbor (October 1862) is sometimes called the First Battle of Galveston.
