The discriminant (Δ) is b² - 4ac, which is under the square root in the quadratic formula. It is used to determine the number of real solutions (roots) of a quadratic:
When b² - 4ac > 0, the quadratic has two real solutions.
When b² - 4ac = 0, the quadratic has one real solution.
When b² - 4ac < 0, the quadratic has no real (complex) solutions.