Shannon most likely uses Laboratory Observation for studying sleep patterns in humans in controlled settings.
Observing the behavior of subjects in a controlled environment is referred to as laboratory observation, as opposed to naturalistic observation. Variable factors in the controlled environment can be controlled, resulting in a limited number of possible responses. The experimental conditions are more tightly controlled. Measuring instruments are frequently easier and more efficient to use.
The Laboratory Observation method has the advantage of allowing you to observe how people or subjects react to a specific object. The laboratories do not need to be sterile. The disadvantage is that you cannot observe their natural reaction as that can be done in naturalistic observation.
