Answer:
B
. document
Explanation:
Word document contains text, table, picture and more. Word document is a file of .doc, .docx etc format
Table, ribbon or keyboard can't be classed as a file and they are elements of a file, menu or hardware
<u>So correct option is</u> B. Document
Answer: Switch, router, firewall
Explanation:
The function of the switch is to distribute the network to different networks similar in functioning to that of the hub but it performs filtering of the traffic present in the network using various traffic filtering algorithms.
The router whose main function is to route packets across the network is also used to connect between LANs and between LAN and a WAN.
The firewall is typically installed on systems or in servers or in routers with it most important function to filtering the traffic and minimize the packet delivery delay in LANs.
ICMPv6 is used by IPv6 nodes to report errors encountered in processing packets, and to perform other internet-layer functions, such as diagnostics. An Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) flood attack, also known as a Ping flood attack, is a common Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack in which an attacker attempts to overwhelm a targeted device with ICMP echo-requests.
Explanation:
Issues that are of concern which could be a problem include :
Denial-of-Service Attacks
- ICMPv6 can be used to cause a denial of service (DoS) in a number of ways, including simply sending excessive numbers of ICMPv6 packets to destinations in the site and sending error messages that disrupt established communications by causing sessions to be dropped.
Probing
- A major security consideration is preventing attackers from probing the site to determine the topology and identify hosts that might be vulnerable to attack. Carefully crafted but, often, malformed messages can be used to provoke ICMPv6 responses from hosts thereby informing attackers of potential targets for future attacks. However, the very large address space of IPv6 makes probing a less effective weapon as compared with IPv4 . Redirection Attacks
Redirection Attacks
-
A redirection attack could be used by a malicious sender to perform man-in-the-middle attacks or divert packets either to a malicious monitor or to cause DoS by blackholing the packets. These attacks would normally have to be carried out locally on a link using the Redirect message. Administrators need to decide if the improvement in efficiency from using Redirect messages is worth the risk of malicious use. Factors to consider include the physical security of the link and the complexity of addressing on the link
Renumbering Attacks
-
Spurious Renumbering messages can lead to the disruption of a site. Although Renumbering messages are required to be authenticated with IPsec, so that it is difficult to carry out such attacks in practice, they should not be allowed through a site boundary firewall. On the other hand, a site may employ multiple "layers" of firewalls.
Problems Resulting from ICMPv6 Transparency
-
Because some ICMPv6 error packets need to be passed through a firewall in both directions, malicious users can potentially use these messages to communicate between inside and outside, bypassing administrative inspection.
Packet types or specific circumstances in which ICMPv6 traffic could compromise network security :
Ping sweep — A type of attack that uses ICMP echo request messages to enumerate live hosts on a network.
Ping flood — Utilized to launch a denial of service attack (DoS), where the attacker sends ICMP requests in a rapid succession without waiting for the targeted system to respond.
ICMP tunneling — A method used to establish a covert communication channel between remote systems, most times between a client and a proxy. All communications are sent via ICMP requests and replies
Forged ICMP redirects — The attacker would send a ICMP redirect message, which informs a host of a direct path to a destination, to the victim that contains the IP addresses of the attacker’s system. This allows an attacker to compromise network traffic via a man-in-the-middle attack or cause a DoS.
Answer:
Resource Polling is the correct answer to the given question .
Explanation:
The Resource pooling is used in cloud computing frameworks that describe a situation where companies offer temporary and flexible resources to different clients .In the resource polling the programs can be changed to fit the needs of each client without making any adjustments visible to the client.
The main function of resource pooling that it grants a service provider the opportunity to dynamically allocate common physical resources to different clients based on the utilization criteria of each client.
