Answer:
A
Explanation:
Straight line with a negative slope
On a velocity_time graph
According to the net force, the acceleration of the book is 16.47 m/s².
We need to know about force to solve this problem. According to second Newton's Law, the force applied to an object will be proportional to mass and acceleration. Hence, it can be written as
∑F = m . a
where F is force, m is mass and a is acceleration
From the question above, we know that
m = 3 kg
g = 9.8 m/s²
F1 = 20 N
Find the net force
∑F = F1 + W
∑F = 20 + m . g
∑F = 20 + 3 . 9.8
∑F = 20 + 29.4
∑F = 49.4 N
Find the acceleration
∑F = m . a
49.4 = 3 . a
a = 16.47 m/s²
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The recoil velocity of the astronaut is -0.070 m/s
Explanation:
We can solve this problem by using the principle of conservation of momentum: in fact, in absence of external forces, the total momentum of the astronaut-wrench system must be conserved.
At the beginning, their total momentum is zero:
(1)
Later, after the astronaut throws the wrench, the total momentum is
(2)
where
m = 0.725 kg is the mass of the wrench
v = 13.8 m/s is the velocity of the wrench
M = 143 kg is the mass of the astronaut
V is the recoil velocity of the astronaut
Since momentum is conserved, (1) = (2), and so we can find V:

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