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storchak [24]
2 years ago
10

Use the given transformation x=4u, y=3v to evaluate the integral. ∬r4x2 da, where r is the region bounded by the ellipse x216 y2

9=1
Mathematics
1 answer:
exis [7]2 years ago
3 0

The Jacobian for this transformation is

J = \begin{bmatrix} x_u & x_v \\ y_u & y_v \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 4 & 0 \\ 0 & 3 \end{bmatrix}

with determinant |J| = 12, hence the area element becomes

dA = dx\,dy = 12 \, du\,dv

Then the integral becomes

\displaystyle \iint_{R'} 4x^2 \, dA = 768 \iint_R u^2 \, du \, dv

where R' is the unit circle,

\dfrac{x^2}{16} + \dfrac{y^2}9 = \dfrac{(4u^2)}{16} + \dfrac{(3v)^2}9 = u^2 + v^2 = 1

so that

\displaystyle 768 \iint_R u^2 \, du \, dv = 768 \int_{-1}^1 \int_{-\sqrt{1-v^2}}^{\sqrt{1-v^2}} u^2 \, du \, dv

Now you could evaluate the integral as-is, but it's really much easier to do if we convert to polar coordinates.

\begin{cases} u = r\cos(\theta) \\ v = r\sin(\theta) \\ u^2+v^2 = r^2\\ du\,dv = r\,dr\,d\theta\end{cases}

Then

\displaystyle 768 \int_{-1}^1 \int_{-\sqrt{1-v^2}}^{\sqrt{1-v^2}} u^2\,du\,dv = 768 \int_0^{2\pi} \int_0^1 (r\cos(\theta))^2 r\,dr\,d\theta \\\\ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ = 768 \left(\int_0^{2\pi} \cos^2(\theta)\,d\theta\right) \left(\int_0^1 r^3\,dr\right) = \boxed{192\pi}

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The effect of exposure to high-density automobile traffic either as a bicyclist or pedestrian was compared to minimal or no exposure to automobile traffic. It is hypothesized that direct exposure to automobile traffic has an effect on acute myocardial infarction (MI). This association was studied with 500 incident cases of MI diagnosed in the emergency rooms of several hospitals and compared to 1,000 other subjects who visited the same emergency rooms for reasons other than cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. All subjects were asked to report the amount of time that they spent exposed to high-density traffic over the past month prior to their hospital visit.

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