Tonicity refers to the affect of a solution on a cell. A solution is a mixture of two or more substances in which one (a solute) is dissolved in the other (a solvent). So a solute is the substance that is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution. This solution is homogeneous, meaning that it is a single phase and none of the solute is visible in the solvent. Common solutes would be salt or sugar. A common solvent would be water.
That solute can exert a certain amount of pressure referred to as tonicity. This pressure can affect the fluid volume and the pressure in a cell by affecting the movement of water down its concentration gradient. Yes, water, as other molecules will move down it’s concentration gradient.
Tonicity has three classifications; hypertonicity, hypotonicity and isotonicity. These refer to the concentration of a solution in reference to a living cell (a membrane bound structure).
Hypotonic –refers to a solution that is lower in solutes than that of the fluid inside of a cell. As a result, water will flow across the cell membrane into that cell (down its concentration gradient) from the surrounding environment eventually causing the cell to swell and burst (c).
Hypertonic – refers to a solution that is higher in solutes than that inside of a cell. As a result, water will flow out of the cell into the surrounding fluid eventually causing the cell to shrink or crenate (d).
Isotonic – refers to a solution whose concentration of solutes is equal to the concentration of solutes inside of a cell. The water flows equally across the membrane in both directions causing no change in the volume or shape of the cell (a,b).
Several factors affect the rate at which enzymatic reactions proceed - temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, and the presence of any inhibitors or activators.
I believe this is Darwin's Theory of Evolution.
Hope this helps c:
Answer:
Afforestation and national sanctuaries are two measures each to conserve natural vegetation and wildlife.
Explanation:
The natural vegetation and wildlife restoration is one of the main concerns that are essential for the development and growth of a country's biodiversity. Due to human land-use changes and migration of people, from one place to another with their cattle, lands are becoming deserted and grassland and forest land are declining.
- So, we need to plant more trees that act as the natural habitat for the wildlife and preserve and conserve them in parks and sanctuaries which will help reduce the impacts of global warming and climate change.
- We should not kill any animal.
- We should decrease the use of plastics.