- Affirmative action programs: <u>c. are controversial because they are seen as reverse discrimination</u>.
- One of the possible legal challenges to affirmative action programs is that they violate the <u>equal protection</u> clause of the <u>Fourteenth</u> Amendment. Because this amendment is at play, any affirmative action program that uses race or ethnicity as a basis for decision making is reviewed by the courts using <u>strict</u> scrutiny.
- Because discrimination law is primarily federal, states are not allowed to pass laws that ban affirmative action or protect classes other than those in the federal laws- <u>this is a false statement</u>.
<u>Explanation</u>:
An affirmative action is a program that uses past discrimination to justify present decisions by giving some sort of consideration to protected status.
Discrimination means treating an individual differently and unfairly because of their race, sex or social status. A discrimination law deals with the incidents of unequal or unfair treatment. People are even discriminated based on disability, genetic makeup and other personal characteristics.
According to <em><u>Fourteenth Amendment</u></em>, the court uses strict analysis to review affirmative action programs.
It is known as the Divergent thinking. Divergent Thinking is a manner of thinking or strategy used to produce imaginative thoughts by investigating numerous conceivable arrangements. It is frequently utilized as a part of conjunction with its psychological partner, concurrent considering, which takes after a specific arrangement of sensible strides to touch base at one arrangement, which now and again is a 'right' arrangement.
For a long period of time, geneticists believed that one gene codes for one polypeptide. This hypothesis has been re-evaluated for two reasons. Firstly, some genes do not encode polypeptides, but functional RNA molecules. Secondly, due to the phenomenon of alternative splicing, some genes can encode several similar but not identical polypeptides. This phenomenon is present only in eukaryotes and it is based the fact that different parts of some genes can be used during gene expression.
Any negative value will produce this graph
Answer:
Strengthens
Weakens
Explanation:
Operant conditioning is theory to study human behavior and the things which result in that particular type of behavior. It focuses on how rewards and punishment shapes a particular behavior. While rewards in association with a behavior strengthens the repetition of that behavior, punishment weakens that behavior in the future.