Answer:
b. the bond between the phosphate groups is broken to release energy
Explanation:
- Phosphate groups are negatively charged => there is a pull between the two groups
=> it's easy to break this bond & ATP is unstable
=> ATP has a lot of free energy
- breaking the bond between phosphate groups makes the molecules more stable (aka contains less free energy)
=> delta G <0
=> breaking this bond releases energy
- the energy released by ATP is then used to transport large molecules against the concentration gradient
Answer:
Inflammatory response occurs when the tissues are injured as a result of bacteria, trauma, heat or any other cause.
Explanation:
When a honey bee stings or a pathogen attacks the damaged cells release chemicals.
Chemicals includes
- histamine
- bradykinin
- and prostaglandins.
These chemicals cause blood vessels to leak fluid into the tissues, causing swelling.
Processes happened during Inflammatory response:
- heat
- pain
- redness
- swelling and
- loss of function.
Inflammation is a defense mechanism in the body. The immune system recognizes damaged cells, irritants, and pathogens, and it begins the healing process. Chronic inflammation can eventually cause several diseases and conditions.
Answer:
Potential targets:
1- DNA methyltransferases
2- Chromatin modifiers such as histone acetyltransferases, histone deacetylases, histone methyltransferases, etc.
3- Components of the RNA interference (RNAi) machinery such as Dicer, Argonaute, etc.
Explanation:
Epigenetics can be defined as the study of any heritable change in the phenotype that does not involve modifications in the DNA sequence. Epigenetic mechanisms can be classified into three major types: 1-DNA methylation, 2-histone modifications (e.g., acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, etc), and 3-regulatory non-coding RNAs (e.g., miRNAs, lncRNAs, siRNAs, etc) that modulate target gene expression via the RNA interference pathway. There are different types of proteins that are involved in these complex epigenetic mechanisms, and those cited above represent only some examples that can be used as therapeutic targets.
"It will die of old age" is the one outcome among the choices given in the question that will be the <span>most likely outcome for a cell that is not allowed to divide. The correct option among all the options that are given in the question is the fourth option or option "D". I hope that the answer has helped you.</span>
Which is the first indicator of an infection in the body?
<span>
B. an increase in the number of WBCs in the blood</span>
