Solving part-1 only
#1
KMnO_4
- Transition metal is Manganese (Mn)
#2
Actually it's the oxidation number of Mn
Let's find how?




- x is the oxidation number
#3
- Purple as per the color of potassium permanganate
#4

Answer:
Hi there!
The correct answer to this question is: electrons enter orbitals of lowest energy first.
Since the atomic number of calcium is 20. The number of protons is also 20.