sub-saharan africans show the largest genetic diversity of any human population. this is likely to have resulted from a. a small
breeding population, maintaining genetic diversity. b. the accumulation of genetic mutations over long periods of time. c. the introduction of genetic diversity from europe and asia. d. the accumulation of genetic mutations over the last 10 years.
Genetic and epigenetic changes compound over time to cause cancer. While aging and chronic inflammation are the major causes of epigenetic changes, carcinogenic substances, UV radiation, and other conditions can also cause genetic changes. Our prior exposure levels and life history are reflected in the accumulation and patterns of changes in normal cells. The majority of accumulated changes are regarded as passengers, although they are linked to cancer drivers as they accumulate. Although only hypothesized for genetic changes, this has been demonstrated for aberrant DNA methylation. However, modern technology has made it possible to assess uncommon point mutations, and research has revealed that the rates of their accumulation do actually correspond with cancer risk.
todos forman parte de las características de los cromosomas. Recuerde también que los cromosomas se encuentran en las células, específicamente en su núcleo.
