Answer
Commensal bacteria stimulate the immune system of the host to enhance defense mechanisms that block pathogen entrance and colonization. Moreover, by creating antimicrobial properties and signals & fighting with other bacteria for food and attachment sites, such bacteria might effectively limit the spread of respiratory infections. In healthy animals, the majority of commensal bacteria live inside the intestine's lumen, although some are also found in immediate contact with the intestinal epithelium. New studies have shown that commensal bacteria may live in stable stomach lymphoid tissues. But every once in a while, especially when they travel to other areas and leave their natural habitat, these commensal bacteria might cause illness. In both old and very and also in young persons, it can spread throughout the rest of the body, causing pneumonia, infection, and meningitis.
You can learn more about commensal bacterium from the following link:
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Answer: shingles, varicella-zoster virus
Explanation:
It should be noted that shingles usually occur with old people and it causes a painful rash when the chicken pox virus is reactivated in the body.
Since the man is old and has painful fluid-filled vesicles that have begun crusting over in a wide band across the left side of his lumbar area and also has a history of chickenpox, it's very likely it is shingles.
Mountain range; when plates are pushed together, they cause rock to push up. After thousands of years, a mountain will be formed after the molten rock cools.
The answer to this question would be: by producing buffer
The pH of optimal growth of bacteria might be different. Some bacteria can grow in an acid condition called acidophile, other live in base condition called alkaliphiles and the rest live in neutral pH condition called neutrophiles. The bacteria can maintain their internal pH by producing acid, base or buffer. If the surrounding pH is too acid, the bacteria can reduce the H+ concentration by producing base. If the condition is too alkali/base, the bacteria can produce acid by doing fermentation.
It’s important to know the possible genotypic and phenotypic ratios of different genetic crosses because the the phenotype shows what the offspring will physically look like what the genotype is what genes the offspring carries. phenotype doesn’t always show what alleles the offspring carries because if the offspring is heterozygous for the gene only the dominant allele shows and the recessive allele won’t be visible. the genotype can see what alleles the offspring carries, both dominant and recessive. knowing the genotype helps to know what alleles are passed on. if one of the parents have a genetic mutation that is passed on, the phenotype helps see what ration of offsprings will have the mutation visible and the genotype will help see what ratio of offsprings will pass on the allele for the mutation
probably isn’t useful. my brain is currently burnt
