Answer: B)heavy-chain constant segments
Explanation:
The immunoglobulin are the antibodies that are found in the serum. There are five classes of these antibodies in the serum. These includes the IgG, IgD, IgA, IgM and IgE. They are classified on the basis of difference in the type of heavy chain. IgG, IgA, IgE, IgD contains μ, α, ε-, and δ- heavy chains respectively.
This variation helps each immunoglobulin class to generate a different kind of immune response during different stages of body defense.
There are positive and negative charges. Look at is this way a charge attracts a positive charge. On the other hand, when a charge is brought near a distributed charge, high is your hair for this, the positive charge attracts the negative charge so opposite charge concentration increases in the hair. So, when the same type of charge is in the hair, the hair stands up.
Answer:
Enzymes like DNA polymerase III, HELICASE, Primase, Topoisomerase, ligase.
Explanation:
DNA replication is an important process that must occur prior to cell division. DNA content of a cell becomes duplicated in the process. This process, however, cannot occur without some vital elements that play specific roles. These elements are mostly enzymes which includes DNA polymerase III, HELICASE, Primase, Topoisomerase, ligase.
DNA POLYMERASE III is the main enzyme in this process, it adds nucleotides that are complementary to the unwinded DNA strand in order to synthesize its replica.
However, a new complementary DNA strand cannot be synthesized if the original double-stranded DNA does not unwind or separate. This process of unzipping the DNA into a Y-shaped replication fork is done by HELICASE.
DNA polymerase III starts adding nucleotides from the 3' end of the DNA strand. In order to recognize this end on the strand about to be synthesized, PRIMASE synthesizes a short strand of nucleic acid called Primer. This primer provides the DNA polymerase with something to start working on.
TOPOISOMERASE works on the double-stranded DNA prior to formation of replication fork by helicase. It helps prevent the DNA strands from becoming too tight and super coiled in order to make unzipping easy.
LIGASE helps to fill up those gaps in the DNA fragments during the synthesis of a complementary strand.
