Answer:
90%
Explanation:
When the Europeans arrived, carrying germs which thrived in dense, semi-urban populations, the indigenous people of the Americas were effectively doomed. They had never experienced smallpox, measles or flu before, and the viruses tore through the continent, killing an estimated 90% of Native Americans.
Answer and explanation :
there are many problem due to lack of pneumotaxic and stetch receptor neurons on ventilation
DUE TO LACK OF PNEUMOTAXIC CENTER :
- pneumotaxic center is present in the nucleus which is used to transmit impulse to the inspiratory area which is not possible due to lack of pneumotaxic center
- it controls the duration of filling of lungs
- it also control the medullary respiratory system which is not possible due to lack of this
DUE TO LACK OF STRETCH RECEPTOR :
- The hearing breuer inflation reflex is generated by stretch receptor neuron which is not generated due to lack of stretch receptor
- when stretched these receptors send the inhibitory impulses through the vegus nerve to the DMG neuron which is not possible due to lack of this
Low calorie food intake can lead to amenorrhea (loss of regular menstrual cycle) and protein deficiency.
What is amenorrhea and protein deficiency and its effects?
- Female athletes, find it difficult to meet energy and nutrient needs while maintaining a low fat or body weight considered optimal for sports performance. Thus, they often restrict energy intake(EI) to make weight goals.
- Low EI, combined with high levels of exercise, increases the risk of developing exercise-related menstrual dysfunction (ExMD) and poor bone health.
- ExMD can be high in physically active women, ranging from 0% to 60%, and occurs across a continuum from mild disruptions in menses (no ovulation or luteal phase deficiency) to oligomenorrhea (cycles ≥ 35 day) and amenorrhea (no menses for >90 day.
- Low energy availability (EA) (i.e., energy remaining for body functions after exercise training) may lead to menstrual dysfunction through a leptin-controlled pathway.
- In ExMD, females have low leptin levels that contribute to the disruption of luteinizing hormone (LH) pulsatility via interference of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulsatile.
- Sequentially, the ovaries decrease production of estrogen and progesterone, the hormones responsible for triggering the lining and egg of the uterus to be shed (menstruation) resulting in abnormal menses.
- Adequate dietary protein is important for supporting physiological adaptations to exercise, there is a growing need to determine the protein requirements for pre-menopausal
- athletes that address the influence of endogenous and exogenous hormones and potential metabolic
- potential metabolic
interactions with different types of exercise.
To learn more about amenorrhea: brainly.com/question/8466982
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Pain and swelling in the elbows.
