Answer: Shaping
Explanation:
Shaping in terms of operant conditioning is defined as process in which behavior that is successively close to the desired or expected terminal behavior is rewarded .Behavior gets shaped and molded through behavior shaping.
According to the question, providing biscuit as a reward to the dog for showing closely related behavior to the target desired behavior is the method of shaping.Dog's behavior is getting shaped through this process.
On July 28, 1868, the 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified. The amendment grants citizenship to "all persons born or naturalized in the United States" which included former slaves who had just been freed after the Civil War.
Answer:
The First Amendment guarantees freedoms concerning religion, expression, assembly, and the right to petition. It forbids Congress from both promoting one religion over others and also restricting an individual's religious practices.
Answer: Primary appraisal
Explanation: Richard Lazarus, a psychologist, gave a theory that stress has a two-way effect or action, a process. The first process is the production of something that makes us stressed by the environment, as well as our reaction to that stressor. This stressor can be an incentive for us because it can mean an opportunity for us, but it can also be a threat. We determine this on the basis of a primary appraisal, that is, assess the possible severity of the stressor in terms of the potential adverse effect, or the positive challenge that stressor may entail.
