It should be noted that statement of retained earnings gives lists of the beginning and ending balances of key equity accounts.
<h3>What is statement of retained earnings?</h3>
The statement of retained earnings can be regarded as a financial statements which provides details changes in the volume of retained earnings over some period.
statement of retained earnings describes the changes that occur during the period.
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Solution :
a). The current market value of the unlevered equity
= $ 40.45 million
b). The market value of the equity one year from now is
= $ 44.5 million - $ 18 million
= $ 26.5 million
c). The expected return on the equity without the leverage = 10%
The expected return on the equity with the leverage = 
= 0.93 %
d). The lowest possible value of equity without the leverage = $20 million - $ 18 million
= $ 2 million
The lowest return on the equity without the leverage = 10%
The lowest return on the equity with the leverage = 2 % as the equity is eroded.
Multilateralism is the policy that involves working closely with allies
Answer and explanation:
Here is one of the key notes,
Even the Department of Defense recognizes that getting things done quickly now requires working around the system.
From the article it was stated that bureaucratic processes are agonizingly slow and this problem is being addressed by new defense department organization. These two organizations are the Defense Digital Service and Defense Innovation Unit Experimental.
Companies can do the listed in order to get the benefits of vertical integration without the accompanying risksL
- choose strategic outsourcing
- use taper integration
<h3>What is a
vertical integration?</h3>
This refers to a business strategy that allows a firm company to alter or design its operations by taking direct ownership of various stages of its production process rather than just relying fully on an external contractors or suppliers.
The risk associated with a vertical integration that could be an inability to cope with new technologies because they evolve quickly can be correct by choosing a strategic outsourcing or using a taper integration.
Therefore. the Option A & B is correct.
Missing options "
-choose strategic outsourcing
-use taper integration
-control every element of the industry value chain
-opt to become fully vertically integrated"
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