Answer:
b) Participants engaged in shallow processing without previous warning of a memory test.
Explanation:
First of all it is important that <u>the group has a warning</u> that there will be a memory test in order to perform better. So this will leave out options c) and d)
Second of all, it is important that the participants <u>are engaged in deep processing </u>which involves a deeper analysis of the situation, therefore, to perform well, people would need a deep processing.
Therefore, the group that would perform worst would be b) Participants engaged in <u>shallow processing</u> <u>without previous warning </u>of a memory test
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