Which of the following regarding the assumption of sphericity is false? (Hint: Even very small departures from sphericity produce large biases in the F-test.)
Sphericity does not affect post hoc tests.
The effect of violating sphericity is a loss of power (i.e., an increased probability of a Type II error).
When sphericity is violated, we need to adjust the degrees of freedom for any F-ratios affected by the violation.
When sphericity is violated, the Bonferroni post hoc test can be used.
Findings In this meta-analysis of 16 studies involving 59 138 patients, maternal marijuana use during pregnancy was linked to a higher risk of preterm births and admission to neonatal intensive care units as well as a decrease in the average birth weight, the 1-minute Apgar score, and the babies' head circumference.
Birth weight, gestational age at delivery, small for gestational age (defined as less than the fifth percentile fetal weight for gestational age), preterm delivery (defined as before 37 weeks' gestation), admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), Apgar score at 1 minute, Apgar score at 5 minutes, the incidence of an Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes, fetal head circumference, a rate of preterm delivery, gestational age at delivery, birth weight.
A quantitative, formal, epidemiological study method known as a "meta-analysis" is used to carefully evaluate the findings of earlier research in order to draw conclusions about that body of work. The study is typically—but not always—based on randomized, controlled clinical trials. In order to find the answers to a particular topic, a systematic review makes an effort to compile all accessible empirical studies. The statistical method of assessing and combining data from numerous related studies is called a meta-analysis.
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