Answer:
Hyperpolarization
Explanation:
At the synapse, neurotransmitters bind to neurotransmitter receptors in the postsynaptic neuron’s plasma membrane. This results in the opening of the ions channels and the flow of specific ions to change the voltage across the membrane. An inhibitory neurotransmitter inhibits the firing of the action potential by making the inside of the membrane more negative. It is called hyperpolarization (inhibition).
It may occur when the neurotransmitter opens the Cl– or K+ channels to allow the movement of chloride ions into the cell while permitting the outward movement of potassium ions to make the inside of the cell more negative.
Answer:
Forestation.
Explanation:
When life is created on land where there originally was no life, wind brings over pioneer species, such as grasses. Over time, life takes advantage and grows bushes, trees, and so on.
Answer:
No, glycolysis can not be continued without fermentation in the absence of oxygen.
Explanation:
In the absence of oxygen, cells perform fermentation to oxidize NADH into NAD+. NAD+ is required during the conversion of glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate into 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate. Fermentation reduces pyruvate and oxidizes NADH so that the NAD+ supply is continued to ensure continuity of glycolysis.
If fermentation does not occur under anaerobic conditions, cells will accumulate pyruvate and NADH. Glycolysis could not be continued in the absence of NAD+.
