This theory was first proposed by Nicolaus Copernicus. Copernicus was a Polish astronomer. He first published the heliocentric system in his book: De revolutionibus <span>orbium </span>coelestium<span> , "On the revolutions of the heavenly bodies," which appeared in 1543.</span>
Answer:
The first statement is false, the Sun has a stronger gravitational pull.
:
Answer:

Explanation:
For this exercise we must use the principle of conservation of energy
starting point. The proton very far from the nucleus
Em₀ = K = ½ m v²
final point. The point where the proton is stopped (v = 0)
Em_f = U = q V
where the potential is
V = k Ze / r²
Let us consider that all the charge of the nucleus is in the center, therefore r is the distance from this point to the proton that is approaching
Energy is conserved
Em₀ = Em_f
½ m v² = e (
)
with this expression we can find the closest approach distance (r)
Use Force=Mass x Acceleration (newtons second law states force is directly proportional to the acceleration) so you can say that the force is negative and solve for Acceleration.