When ice forms, one water molecule's hydrogen atoms form weak hydrogen bonds with the tops of the oxygen atoms of two other water molecules. Lining up the water molecules in this pattern takes up more space than randomly arranging them.
<h3>What is polarity?</h3>
A physical property of compounds that connects other physical properties like melting and boiling points, solubility, and intermolecular interactions between molecules is referred to as polarity.
When ice forms, one water molecule's hydrogen atoms form weak hydrogen bonds with the tops of the oxygen atoms of two other water molecules.
Lining up the water molecules in this pattern takes up more space than randomly arranging them.
When water freezes, the water molecules slow down enough that their attractions arrange them into fixed positions. Water molecules freeze in a hexagonal pattern, with molecules further apart than when the water was liquid.
Thus, because of this frozen water take on the pattern it does.
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The Mohs scale measures D, a mineral's hardness.
Answer:
1. P120 is degraded in the 26S proteasome
2. The 26S proteasome has a major role in protein degradation and is critical for protein homeostasis
3. Cell cycle and DNA replication are cellular processes regulated by the Ras and NFkB pathways
Explanation:
The proliferation-associated nucleolar protein (p120) is a protein known to be expressed during the interphase of the cell cycle, specifically in G1 and early S phase, where any problem with DNA replication trigger a checkpoint, i.e., a molecular cascade of signaling events that suspend DNA replication until the problem is resolved. In mammalian cells, the 26S proteasome is responsible for catalyzing protein degradation of about 80% (or even more) of their proteins. The 26S proteasome acts to degrade rapidly misfolded and regulatory proteins involved in the cell cycle, thereby having a major role in protein homeostasis and in the control of cellular processes. It is for that reason that inhibitors that block 26S proteasome function have shown to be useful as therapeutic agents in diseases associated with the failure of protein degradation mechanisms (e.g., multiple myeloma). The NF-κB are highly conserved transcription factors capable of regulating different cellular processes including, among others, cellular growth, inflammatory responses and apoptosis. Moreover, the MAPK/ERK pathway is able to transduce different signals received on the cell surface to the nucleus. The MAPK/ERK pathway is activated when a singling molecule binds to a cell receptor which triggers a signaling cascade that ends when a transcription factor induces the expression of target genes, ultimately producing a response in the cell (for example, the progression through the cell cycle).
Endorphins are brain chemicals
known as neurotransmitters which are released when the body feels a certain
amount of stress and pain. Endorphins alter the communication of pain in the
body by interacting with the opiate receptors and blocking the synapse so that signals
cannot be sent to the brain in order to reduce an individual perception of pain.
