1. Efficient use of space
2. Elimination of groundwater contamination
3. Energy generation
4. Lower carbon footprint
So for the answer for this one is going to be d
You would expect to find that as the generations pass, the offspring of the Bone-gnawers would have short, wide mouths and strong chewing muscles. The Non-gnawers would have longer, narrower mouths, and weaker chewing muscles. This is because the offspring would inherit the parent's traits, and this would lead to eventual less genetic diversity as the two groups of coyotes inbred more and more. (Sorry if I went further than needed, just trying to be thorough! I really hope that this helps!)
Through crossing over during meiosis. In eukaryotic cells (us), there are these things called Histone proteins. TONS of these wrap around and form what eventually will be a chromosome in the nucleus of the cell. These chromosomes contain genes which contain genetic information in the form of DNA. If a trait is sex linked it will pass through to the offspring by meiosis, specifically during crossing over when homologous chromosomes exchange genetic information.