Karl marx believed that workers in a capitalist economy experience alienation because they are paid for their labor but do not own the things they produce.
For Karl Marx, the idea of the means of production is a crucial economic category. The means of production include everything needed to produce commodities, including natural resources, factories, and machinery. This is what Marx referred to as human nature, which he characterized as the essence of a person, or one's ability to control their own destiny to a certain extent.
For Karl Marx, whether capitalism and its class-division is a suitable arrangement for human beings depends on human nature. According to Marx's theory of alienation, when a person is engaged in the lower rungs of a capitalist system, in which they are just cogs in a much larger system, they are driven by those within a higher social class to produce as much as possible.
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