Answer:
The fish did not yet exist when the old layers of rocks were deposited. In fact, animals with hard parts did not evolve until about 600 million years ago, which is only about 13% of the 4.5 billion year age of the Earth. Multicellular animals without hard parts left tracks in older sediments, but had no fossilize-able body parts.
Explanation:
Yes it will help you with c and d
Answer:
Plant cells are enclosed by a rigid cell wall. When the plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, it takes up water by osmosis and starts to swell, but the cell wall prevents it from bursting.
Explanation:
Crosscutting concepts have application across all domains of science. As such, they are a way of linking the different domains of science. They include patterns; cause and effect; scale, proportion, and quantity; systems and system models; energy and matter; structure and function; and stability and change.
It should be taken into consideration the presence of frameshift mutations. Frameshift mutation, due to addition or deletion of a base, results in the change of reading frame and consequently in changed protein. But it is known that 3 nucleotides on mRNA code for the specific amino acid. If the number of inserted or deleted nucleotides is 3, it will result in the absence<span> of only 1 amino acid which is not expected to drastically change protein sequence.
Knowing all this, it can be concluded the following:
</span>
<span>-/-/+/-/- <u>OK </u>- Due to 4 deletions and 1 insertion, effectively only 3 nucleotides are missing.
</span>+/-/+ <u>Not OK</u> - Due to 1 deletion and 2 insertions, effectively only 1 nucleotide is added leading to the frameshift mutation.
+/-/+/- <u>OK </u>- Due to 2 deletions and 2 insertions, a number of nucleotides remain the same.
+/+/-/+ <u>Not OK</u> - Due to 1 deletion and 3 insertions, effectively only 2 nucleotides are added and the frameshift mutation occurs.
-/+ <u>OK </u>- Due 1 deletion and 1 insertion, a number of nucleotides remain the same.
<span>- <u>Not OK</u> - Due to 1 deletion, the frameshift mutation occurs.
</span>-/-/-/-/-/- <u>OK </u>- <span>Due to 6 deletions, it will be deleted 2 amino acids and the protein will be nearly normal.</span>
<span>+/+/+ <u>OK </u>- Due to 3 insertions, 1 amino acid will be added in excess.
</span>-/- <u>Not OK</u> - Due to 2 deletions, the frameshift mutation occurs.
