Smartphone applications can offer real-time,customized interventions for quitting smoking. The current study evaluates the efficacy of a smartphone-based smoking cessation application that gave messages customized to current smoking lapse risk and specific lapse triggers and assessed risk for impending smoking lapse numerous times per day.
A safety-net hospital's smoking cessation program recruited participants (N=59) who underwent five phone-based ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) every day for three weeks in a row.
A new weighted lapse risk estimator was used to evaluate the risk of smoking lapse in real-time.
Participants in each EMA received messages that were customized to their level of risk for an impending smoking lapse as well as their self-reported presence of smoking urges, stress, access to cigarettes, and motivation to quit.
Using generalized linear mixed model analysis, it was assessed if communications that were specifically targeted towards lapse risk variables resulted in bigger decreases in these triggers than messages that weren't.
<h3>What results can we observe?</h3>
In general, communications that were specifically matched to smoking urge, cigarette availability, or stress resulted in higher decreases in those triggers than messages that were not (p's=0.02 to 0.001).
When only instances of high stress were included in the analysis, the connection between messagesadapted to stress and higher reductions in stress than messages not tailored to stress was non-significant (p=0.892).
<h3>What can be concluded?</h3>
Mobile technology can be utilized to deliver personalized treatmentinformation and do real-time smoking lapse risk assessments.
Findings offer the first concrete proof that customized material may have an effect on users' stress levels, temptation to smoke, and access to cigarettes.
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Explanation: Negative punishment is use to reduce a behavior by removal of a favorable stimuli. It is a kind of punishment which focuses in reducing the rate of undesired behavior from an individual. Example is being grounded,losing access to a toy.
