Smartphone applications can offer real-time,customized interventions for quitting smoking. The current study evaluates the efficacy of a smartphone-based smoking cessation application that gave messages customized to current smoking lapse risk and specific lapse triggers and assessed risk for impending smoking lapse numerous times per day.
A safety-net hospital's smoking cessation program recruited participants (N=59) who underwent five phone-based ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) every day for three weeks in a row.
A new weighted lapse risk estimator was used to evaluate the risk of smoking lapse in real-time.
Participants in each EMA received messages that were customized to their level of risk for an impending smoking lapse as well as their self-reported presence of smoking urges, stress, access to cigarettes, and motivation to quit.
Using generalized linear mixed model analysis, it was assessed if communications that were specifically targeted towards lapse risk variables resulted in bigger decreases in these triggers than messages that weren't.
<h3>What results can we observe?</h3>
In general, communications that were specifically matched to smoking urge, cigarette availability, or stress resulted in higher decreases in those triggers than messages that were not (p's=0.02 to 0.001).
When only instances of high stress were included in the analysis, the connection between messagesadapted to stress and higher reductions in stress than messages not tailored to stress was non-significant (p=0.892).
<h3>What can be concluded?</h3>
Mobile technology can be utilized to deliver personalized treatmentinformation and do real-time smoking lapse risk assessments.
Findings offer the first concrete proof that customized material may have an effect on users' stress levels, temptation to smoke, and access to cigarettes.
A special election would be held when something arises that does not arise on a regular basis or routine. For instance, if an elected-office suddenly becomes vacant or a legislature wants to put a referendum before the voters, then they can use a special election.
Collaborative inhibition refers to the phenomenon wherein a group has poor memory recall compared to when individual group members work on their own. Collaborative inhibition is caused because by listening to others' inputs and having discussions, each group member's individual and unique memory retrieval tools are disrupted.
Answer:e) No. Visual aids should be displayed only while they are being discussed.
Explanation: visual aids should be displayed when it is time to discuss about them otherwise they may tend to be distructive to the audience who may lose focus on your speech and start focusing on the visual aid. They may even try to analyse it in their mind which means you have completely lost their focus on your speech cause now they are trying to figure out this visual aid.
