Blood vessels to the skin would constrict quickly if you walked outside into a cold windy winter day without putting on extra layers of clothing.
The vessels that supply blood to the skin constrict or narrow in response to cold temperatures. This reaction, called "vasoconstriction," decreases blood flow to the skin, which helps to minimize heat loss from the warm blood and therefore preserve a normal internal or "core" temperature.
In warm temperatures, these same blood vessels dilate or widen, increasing the flow of blood to the skin surface, thus allowing heat to leave the body, and keeping the core body temperature from rising to a dangerous level.
The blood vessels in the skin that react to temperature changes are called "thermoregulatory" vessels. They are primarily controlled by the sympathetic nervous system, which is the same system that reacts when we are stressed or upset emotionally. This explains why both cold and emotional stress can trigger vasoconstriction of these blood vessels, causing cold fingers and toes.
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