Don’t know 1 but 2 is J or 3 because it’s y=mc+b and m=slope and parallel lines have the same slope and 3 is B or -4/5 because if you use the slope formula ( y2-y1/x2-x1) you get the slope (-4/5) and parallel lines have the same slope.
Using the equations y-3x=3 and x+y=31 you can find that x=7 and y=24. There for x is the smaller of the two numbers.
A proportion looks like this:

It means that the quantity a,b,c and d are in the same proportion: the ratio between a and b is the same ratio between c and d.
They are particularly useful in situation when you have an example given, and you want to extrapolate the relationship for another couple.
For example, you can think of the following problem: "Five apples cost 2 dollars. How much will 8 apples cost?"
You can build the proportion

And then solve it for x:

Notice the picture below
now, if the arc "x" is 48°, and the arc across the circle is also 48°, then those chords are congruent, notice the chords in red
The slope is -3/2
Use the two ordered pairs (-2,0) and (0,-3) and do y2-y1/x2-x1
-3-0/0+2= -3/2