The answer is spicules. These
sharp-pointed structures are formed from calcium carbonate skeleton of
the organisms. They can also be formed from silica. They can be big (megascleres),
or microscopic (microscleres). Also dependent on the number of axis on the spicules, they are classified as monoaxon,
triaxon or polyaxon.
Answer:
Distinct mechanisms are used by bacteria in order to transfer the gene from one bacteria to another. These are transformation, transduction, and conjugation. Transformation refers to the process of uptaking extracellular DNA by the recipient of the other bacterial cell.
In the process of transduction, the donor DNA gets packed within the bacteriophage and infects the recipient bacteria. In the process of conjugation, the genetic substance is transferred by the donor bacteria to the recipient via the process of mating.
a. Of all these three mechanisms, transformation is the process that exhibits a broad range and can be easily performed in the lab. As in the process, there is a slight chance of rejection or failure due to direct compatibility between the bacteria.
b. While the narrowest broad range is found in the process of conjugation, as in order to transfer the genetic substance between the two bacterial species, there should be a similarity between the two species so that they can mate and exchange the genetic substance in between them.
Hi
Do prokaryotic organisms carry out cellular respiration? If so, how?
The answer is yes as well as no, because some prokaryotes like Archeae and some bacteria donot use cellular respiration because they are anaerobic. The Archaea are also known as Methanogens that reduce Carbon di oxide from environment to Methane that is eventually oxidized to NADH (that is used as an energy source).
However, there are some bacteria that use cellular respiration as a source for the energy production.Cellular respiration is a process which occurs in the cells of higher living organisms as well as in cells of some small organisms like Bacteria. During process of cellular respiration in bacteria, glucose is broken down with the help of oxygen into water and Carbon di oxide. In the process of cellular respiration, bacteria just like humans goes through three stepsi.e Glycolysis, Kreb cycle and Electron transport chain that ultimately lead to the production of ATP (energy).
Hope it helps!
Hey there,
<span>Exposing the casted extremity.
Hope this helps :))
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