<h2>540 million years ago
</h2>
Paleozoic.
Era immediately follows Precambrian It lasted about 4.5 billion years.
When did abundant fossil evidence first appear in the geologic record.
540 million years ago.
<h2>Scurvy </h2>
Explanation:
(a) Collagen is the major structural component of cartilage,bones and tendons
- The basic unit of collagen is tropocollagen and each tropocollagen consists of three coiled left handed polypeptide chains called α chains
- Generally each α chain consists of a repeating tripeptide sequence called: G-X-Y
- Here G represents glycine; X represents proline and Y represents hydroxyproline
- Rigidity of collagen molecule is due to presence of proline and hydroxyproline
- Hydroxylation of proline is catalysed by prolyl hydroxylase enzyme which use ascorbate,α ketoglutarate and oxygen
- α ketoglutarate is oxidatively decarboxylated to form carbon dioxide and succinate
- Sequence of events leading from a dietary vitamin C deficiency to symptoms such as bruising and breakdown of supporting tissues includes: tissue levels of ascorbic acid is low; enzyme prolyl hydroxylase is inactive; proline is not hydroxylated; the triple helix is inadequately stabilized; collagen breaks down; defects in tissues that depend on collagen
; tissues that depend on collagen are subject to breakdown and bruising
(b) Sailors are no longer susceptible to scurvy because fresh fruits which are the source of vitamin C source are available now
British sailors called "limeys" to this day,this term reflects the British navy's use of limes
The most appropriate technique that the physician should use to estimate the basal metabolic rate of Louisa's body is indirect calorimetry.
<h3>What is indirect calorimetry?</h3>
Indirect calorimetry is a medical technique for determining a person's resting energy expenditure. This technique is used to calculate the calories your body expends in a resting situation.
Information obtained from indirect calorimetry can be used as a guide to basal metabolism to determine whether it is normal, increased, or decreased.
Based on the above, this is the best technique the doctor has to find out why Louisa is gaining weight without changing her diet.
Learn more about diet in: brainly.com/question/4539044
Its reproduction not budding sorry
Answer:
D) anatomical features
Explanation:
The molecular systematics uses the data on the molecular structures to establish evolutionary relationships between the organisms. Techniques of DNA, RNA, and amino acid sequencing are used to compare the macromolecules of organisms. These studies provide information about the degree of relatedness among organisms. The closely related species share a higher degree of similarities in the sequences of these macromolecules. However, this branch of science does not include information about the anatomical and structural features to establish evolutionary relationships.
