Answer:
Addictions center around alterations in the brain's mesolimbic dopamine pathway, also known as the reward circuit, which begins in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) above the brain stem.
Answer:
d) activation of the woman's delta and C nociceptors.
Explanation:
Nociceptors are sensory receptors whose main function is to detect signals from inflicted tissue or threat of detriment to tissues and indirectly also respond to chemicals released from the damaged or affeted tissue. Nociceptors are found in the free nerve endings of the skin. The pain that this woman is currently experiencing is the result of activation of the woman's delta and C nociceptors.
In Option B, the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) into
the woman's synapses can help combat the pain caused by the nocireceptors.
In vertebrates, GABA acts at inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain by binding to specific transmembrane receptors in the plasma membrane of both presynaptic and postsynaptic neurones . This results in a negative change in the transmembrane potential, usually causing hyperpolarization(a change in a cell's membrane potential that makes it more negative). Gamma-aminobutyric acid works as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system(CNS),thereby decreasing neuron activity and thus preventing them from hurting.
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a enervating condition affecting the limbs that can be induced by trauma. Therefore, the initiation of (GABA) has been effective in reducing pain while improving functionality and quality of life in patients with chronic.
Carbohydrates:
They help to provide the body with a source of energy or
fuel and also help to regulate bodily processes.
Lipids:
They help to store energy and they form the membranes around
cells to protect them. Lipid hormones also play a role in some bodily functions.
Proteins:
Proteins such as antibodies and enzymes help fight germs in
the body. There are many different types of proteins, some that may fall under
these; hormonal proteins, structural proteins, storage proteins, and transport
proteins.
Nucleic Acid:
<span>They store hereditary information and they contain
information for making all of the body’s proteins. </span>
<span>Hope this helps!!</span>
Carbohydrates contain glucose (blood sugar), the main fuel of the body. The nervous system, including the brain use only glucose for energy. Fats contain a fuel called fatty acids, and they are used by the muscles and heart.
The answer is d short of the non volley line in the opponents court