The three types of carrier-mediated transport are present facilitated diffusion, primary active transport, and secondary active transport which involve integral membrane proteins. Three characteristics are present in all kinds of carrier-mediated transport: saturation, stereospecificity, and competition.
The saturation is defined as the saturability of the carrier proteins which only have a finite number of solute binding sites.
Many binding sites be accessible at lower solute concentration concentrations, and as the concentration rises, so does the rate of transport. However, the number of accessible binding sites decreases and the rate of transport plateaus at high solute concentrations. Finally, saturation is attained at a point known as that of the transport maximum, or Tm, at which all of the binding are occupied.
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