The term "dual effect" refers to when our activities have two effects: one that was intended and one that was predicted but not intended. The principle of double effect explains when we can accept a morally undesirable effect as a result of attempting to achieve a morally acceptable goal.
This idea states that if doing something morally good has a morally harmful side consequence, it is ethically acceptable to do so as long as the adverse side effect was not intended. This is true even if you anticipated that a negative outcome would occur.
In circumstances where saving a pregnant woman's life results in the death of her unborn child, such as conducting an abortion when continuing pregnancy would risk killing the mother, some claim that this is a case of the doctrine of twofold effect.
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