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1 year ago

This is lines, functions and systems. Graph the line with slope 1 passing through the point (4, 2).

Mathematics

1 answer:

anzhelika [568]1 year ago

5 0

To graph the line we need two points; we already have one the point (4,2) now we need to find another one; to do this we get the equation of the line given by:

$y-y_1=m(x-x_1)$

where m is the slope and (x1,y1) are a point throught the line. Plugging the values given we have:

$\begin{gathered} y-2=1(x-4) \\ y-2=x-4 \\ y=x-4+2 \\ y=x-2 \end{gathered}$

Now we give a value to x and find the corresponding y. If x=0, then:

$y=-2$

hence we have the point (0,-2).

Now that we have two points (0,-2) and (4,2) we graph them on the plane and join them with a straight line, hence the graph is:

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$\displaystyle \int \dfrac{1}{(9-x^2)^{\frac{3}{2}}}\:\:\text{d}x=\dfrac{x}{9\sqrt{9-x^2}} +\text{C}$

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$\displaystyle \int \text{f}(x)\:\text{d}x=\text{F}(x)+\text{C} \iff \text{f}(x)=\dfrac{\text{d}}{\text{d}x}(\text{F}(x))$

If differentiating takes you from one function to another, then integrating the second function will take you back to the first with a constant of integration.

Given indefinite integral:

$\displaystyle \int \dfrac{1}{(9-x^2)^{\frac{3}{2}}}\:\:\text{d}x$

Rewrite 9 as 3² and rewrite the 3/2 exponent as square root to the power of 3:

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Integration by substitution

$\boxed{\textsf{For }\sqrt{a^2-x^2} \textsf{ use the substitution }x=a \sin \theta}$

$\textsf{Let }x=3 \sin \theta$

$\begin{aligned}\implies \sqrt{3^2-x^2} & =\sqrt{3^2-(3 \sin \theta)^2}\\ & = \sqrt{9-9 \sin^2 \theta}\\ & = \sqrt{9(1-\sin^2 \theta)}\\ & = \sqrt{9 \cos^2 \theta}\\ & = 3 \cos \theta\end{aligned}$

Find the derivative of x and rewrite it so that dx is on its own:

$\implies \dfrac{\text{d}x}{\text{d}\theta}=3 \cos \theta$

$\implies \text{d}x=3 \cos \theta\:\:\text{d}\theta$

Substitute everything into the original integral:

$\begin{aligned}\displaystyle \int \dfrac{1}{(9-x^2)^{\frac{3}{2}}}\:\:\text{d}x & = \int \dfrac{1}{\left(\sqrt{3^2-x^2}\right)^3}\:\:\text{d}x\\\\& = \int \dfrac{1}{\left(3 \cos \theta\right)^3}\:\:3 \cos \theta\:\:\text{d}\theta \\\\ & = \int \dfrac{1}{\left(3 \cos \theta\right)^2}\:\:\text{d}\theta \\\\ & = \int \dfrac{1}{9 \cos^2 \theta} \:\: \text{d}\theta\end{aligned}$

Take out the constant:

$\implies \displaystyle \dfrac{1}{9} \int \dfrac{1}{\cos^2 \theta}\:\:\text{d}\theta$

$\textsf{Use the trigonometric identity}: \quad\sec^2 \theta=\dfrac{1}{\cos^2 \theta}$

$\implies \displaystyle \dfrac{1}{9} \int \sec^2 \theta\:\:\text{d}\theta$

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$\implies \displaystyle \dfrac{1}{9} \int \sec^2 \theta\:\:\text{d}\theta = \dfrac{1}{9} \tan \theta+\text{C}$

$\textsf{Use the trigonometric identity}: \quad \tan \theta=\dfrac{\sin \theta}{\cos \theta}$

$\implies \dfrac{\sin \theta}{9 \cos \theta} +\text{C}$

$\textsf{Substitute back in } \sin \theta=\dfrac{x}{3}:$

$\implies \dfrac{x}{9(3 \cos \theta)} +\text{C}$

$\textsf{Substitute back in }3 \cos \theta=\sqrt{9-x^2}:$

$\implies \dfrac{x}{9\sqrt{9-x^2}} +\text{C}$

Learn more about integration by substitution here:

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