The thickness of the continental crust is normally 40 km (25 miles), whereas the thickness of the oceanic crust is only 6 km (4 miles). The difference in the average heights of the continental and oceanic crust is a result of the varying densities of the lithospheric rock.
Because of its greater buoyancy and lower density, the continental crust floats significantly higher in the mantle. The average depth of the marine crust is 3,790 meters, while its average height above sea level is 840 meters (2,750 feet) (12,400 feet). The two main layers of the Earth's surface are created by this density differential.
Subduction zones are where the majority of continental crust is created. Rock scraped off the top of oceanic plates when they subduct beneath continental boundaries contributes to lateral expansion (the submarine edge of the continental crust). These boundaries are identified by lines of volcanoes, frequently in the form of volcanic arcs that add to the crust. Additionally, volcanic arcs known as island arcs are produced by subduction zones found inside ocean basins (when one oceanic plate sinks beneath another).
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