While the majority of anaerobic (without oxygen) and aerobic (with oxygen) respiration occurs in the cytoplasm and mitochondria, respectively, of the cell.
<h3>What is cellular respiration?</h3>
The process through which food, in the form of sugar (glucose), is converted into energy within cells is known as cellular respiration. All kinds of cellular operations are then powered by the energy that is stored in ATP molecules.
There are three types of cellular respiration
1) Anaerobic respiration happens when there is no oxygen present.
2) Aerobic respiration occurs when there is oxygen present.
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Answer:
The genotype for each of the parents must be
parent 1 : Gg
parent 2 : Gg
Explanation:
Please note that a dominant trait is a trait that is expressed phenotypically in a heterozygous state, while a recessive trait is a trait that can only be expressed in a homozygous state.
Now, since gray face (G) for Oompa Loompas is dominant, and orange face (g) is recessive, for an offspring to be orange faced, it means that the genotype of the offspring must be 'gg'. Also, since both parent contribute an allele in the pair of alleles in the offspring, both parents must have the recessive (g) in their genotype. Moreover, we are told that both parents are gray-faced, meaning that their genotypes were 'Gg' and 'Gg'. To confirm, let me do the cross
G g
G GG Gg
g Gg gg
from the cross above, we find out that out of 4 offspring, 3 were gray face (GG, Gg ) while one was orange face (gg).
Answer:a) decreased chromatin condensation
Explanation:
During eukaryotic cell division a chromatin becomes obvious and it is simply a mass of genetic material made up of DNA and proteins which condenses to form chromosomes.
The chromatin primarily function in the compression the DNA into a unit so compacted that will be so tiny and can fit within the nucleus.
Chromatin condensation is driven by condensins and interactions between histones.
Condensins however, are large protein complexes whose central role in cell division is chromosome organization and segregation.
Chemical manipulation as stated above is decreases the rate of chromatin condensation.
Answer:
One of the common genetic disorders is sickle cell anemia, in which 2 recessive alleles must meet to allow for destruction and alteration in the morphology of red blood cells. This usually leads to loss of proper binding of oxygen to hemoglobin and curved, sickle-shaped erythrocytes. The mutation causing this disease occurs in the 6th codon of the HBB gene encoding the hemoglobin subunit β (β-globin), a protein, serving as an integral part of the adult hemoglobin A (HbA), which is a heterotetramer of 2 α chains and 2 β chains that is responsible for binding to the oxygen in the blood. This mutation changes a charged glutamic acid to a hydrophobic valine residue and disrupts the tertiary structure and stability of the hemoglobin molecule. Since in the field of protein intrinsic disorder, charged and polar residues are typically considered as disorder promoting, in opposite to the order-promoting non-polar hydrophobic residues, in this study we attempted to answer a question if intrinsic disorder might have a role in the pathogenesis of sickle cell anemia. To this end, several disorder predictors were utilized to evaluate the presence of intrinsically disordered regions in all subunits of human hemoglobin: α, β, δ, ε, ζ, γ1, and γ2. Then, structural analysis was completed by using the SWISS-MODEL Repository to visualize the outputs of the disorder predictors. Finally, Uniprot STRING and D2P2 were used to determine biochemical interactome and protein partners for each hemoglobin subunit along with analyzing their posttranslational modifications. All these properties were used to determine any differences between the 6 different types of subunits of hemoglobin and to correlate the mutation leading to sickle cell anemia with intrinsic disorder propensity.
Explanation:
Answer:
have DNA, but are NOT large or complex
Explanation:
