When a firm has flotation costs equal to 6.8 percent of the funding need, project analysts should increase the initial project cost by dividing that cost by (1-0.068). The flotation cost is the cost which emerge when a corporation gather its fund by issuing new securities. Underwriting fees, legal fees, registration fees are the common fees that will increase corporate's expense when they issue securities. Therefore, we can consider those fees as a flotation cost.
The net present value of the proposed project is closest to -$80,822.
Since the project saves $80,000 in costs each year, we treat these savings income for the next 4 years. We then calculate the Present value Interest Factor of an annuity using the formula :
PVIF of an annuity = { [ 1 - [ (1+r)⁻ⁿ ] } ÷ r
PVIF of an annuity = { [ 1 - [ (1.09)⁻⁴ ] } ÷ 0.09
PVIF of an annuity = 3.240 (rounded to three decimals)
PV of the cost savings = (3.240*80000) = $2,59,178 (rounded to nearest $)
NPV = PV of cost savings - Value of investment
NPV = 2,59,178
- 3,40,000
Answer:
$160
Explanation:
her net monthly take home pay will be reduced by $200 x (1 - combined tax rate = $200 x (1 - 20%) = $200 x 0.8 = $160
If instead of contributing to her 401k account, Betty took the money home, she would have to pay $40 in taxes (both state and federal), so the net amount that she receives is reduced by the taxes that she pays.
