The formula that connects Ka1, Ka2, and Ka3 is the relation;
Ka = Ka1 * Ka2 * Ka3
<h3>What is the Ka?</h3>
The Ka is defined as the acid dissociation constant of a solution. Now we have the triprotic acid called phosphoric acid. this implies that we have Ka1, Ka2, and Ka3.
Thus the formula that connects Ka1, Ka2, and Ka3 is the relation;
Ka = Ka1 * Ka2 * Ka3
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Valence electrons is an outer shell electron that is associated with an atom, and that can participate in the formation of a chemical bond if the outer shell is not closed. In a single covalent bond, both atoms in the bond contribute one valence electron in order to form a shared pair.
The presence of valence electrons can determine the elements chemical properties, such as its valence—whether it may bond with other elements and, if so, how readily and with how many. In this way, a given element's reactivity is highly dependent upon its electronic configuration. For a main group element, a valence electron can exist only in the outermost electron shell; in a transition metal, a valence electron can also be in an inner shell.
An atom with a closed shell of valence electrons (corresponding to an electron configuration s2p6 for main group elements) tends to be chemically inert. Atoms with one or two valence electrons more than a closed shell are highly reactive due to the relatively low energy to remove the extra valence electrons to form a positive ion. An atom with one or two electrons less than a closed shell is reactive due to its tendency either to gain the missing valence electrons and form a negative ion, or else to share valence electrons and form a covalent bond.
Similar to a core electron, a valence electron has the ability to absorb or release energy in the form of a photon. An energy gain can trigger the electron to move (jump) to an outer shell; this is known as atomic excitation. Or the electron can even break free from its associated atom's shell; this is ionization to form a positive ion. When an electron loses energy (thereby causing a photon to be emitted), then it can move to an inner shell which is not fully occupied.
When forming ions, elements typically gain or lose the minimum number of electrons necessary to achieve a full octet. For example, fluorine has seven valence electrons, so it is most likely to gain one electron to form an ion with a 1- charge.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
The octet rule refers to the tendency of atoms to prefer to have eight electrons in the valence shell. When atoms have fewer than eight electrons, they tend to react and form more stable compounds. When discussing the octet rule, we do not consider d or f electrons. Only the s and p electrons are involved in the octet rule, making it useful for the main group elements (elements not in the transition metal or inner-transition metal blocks); an octet in these atoms corresponds to an electron configurations ending with s2p6 .
Answer:
Propenyl-benzene
Explanation:
Hello,
Elimination reaction of solid (1-chloropropyl)-benzene due to the heat in presence of ethanol turns out based on the attached picture in which both the chlorine a the hydrogen in the second carbon go out and subsequently get together to form propenyl-benzene and hydrochloric acid.
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1.is reduced
2. is oxidized
