Answer:
The order of events would be:
4.Threshold stimulus, Na+ channels open. This is the first event
5.Na+ influx, Depolarization. Second event
2.Na+ channels close, K+ channels open. This is the third event
1.K+ efflux, Repolarization. Fourth event
3.Hyperpolarization, K+ channels close
Explanation:
In resting state, the membrane is negative inside, and K+ concentration is higher than outside. Na+ concentration is higher outside instead.
Sodium influx is responsible for membrane depolarization. It's the event to produce the action potential. When sodium channels are closing, potassium channels open and K+ go outside until repolarization occurs. But now we have both ions in different sides of the membrane, and this can't be stimulated again to produce other action potential. The membrane will remain refractory to respond to the adequate stimulus until ions migrate to their original sites. This is Na+ outside, and K+ inside. This is responsibility of the Na+/ K+ pump, that uses ATP to pump Na+ out, and K+ in. Once both ions had been relocated in the membrane, this is ready to receive a correct stimulus to produce a new action potential.
Polar amino acids tend to be hydrophilic, meaning that they bond to water. These are those that establish hydrogen bonds to water. They are considered polar because they have a R group that's hydrophilic. Because of this characteristic, in a protein they tend to a be a at the surface maintaining contact with the surrounding solutions. The most common polar amino acids are: arginine, lysine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid.
D. To identify any differences between the control group and the
experimental group
A gamete is a haploid cell, a cell with only one pair of chromosomes. Say the skin cell of a human has 46 chromosomes (2 pairs), a gamete would have 23 chromosomes (1 pair) because gametes are sex cells. When a sex cell (Egg and sperm) come together, they together will create a dipole cell (46 chromosomes, 2 pairs).
