The Karger's algorithm relates to graph theory where G=(V,E) is an undirected graph with |E| edges and |V| vertices. The objective is to find the minimum number of cuts in edges in order to separate G into two disjoint graphs. The algorithm is randomized and will, in some cases, give the minimum number of cuts. The more number of trials, the higher probability that the minimum number of cuts will be obtained.
The Karger's algorithm will succeed in finding the minimum cut if every edge contraction does not involve any of the edge set C of the minimum cut.
The probability of success, i.e. obtaining the minimum cut, can be shown to be ≥ 2/(n(n-1))=1/C(n,2), which roughly equals 2/n^2 given in the question.Given: EACH randomized trial using the Karger's algorithm has a success rate of P(success,1) ≥ 2/n^2.
This means that the probability of failure is P(F,1) ≤ (1-2/n^2) for each single trial.
We need to estimate the number of trials, t, such that the probability that all t trials fail is less than 1/n.
Using the multiplication rule in probability theory, this can be expressed as
P(F,t)= (1-2/n^2)^t < 1/n
We will use a tool derived from calculus that
Lim (1-1/x)^x as x->infinity = 1/e, and
(1-1/x)^x < 1/e for x finite.
Setting t=(1/2)n^2 trials, we have
P(F,n^2) = (1-2/n^2)^((1/2)n^2) < 1/e
Finally, if we set t=(1/2)n^2*log(n), [log(n) is log_e(n)]
P(F,(1/2)n^2*log(n))
= (P(F,(1/2)n^2))^log(n)
< (1/e)^log(n)
= 1/(e^log(n))
= 1/n
Therefore, the minimum number of trials, t, such that P(F,t)< 1/n is t=(1/2)(n^2)*log(n) [note: log(n) is natural log]
Answer:
The last one
Step-by-step explanation:
Answer:
distance = 585600 m
Step-by-step explanation:
change 2 hours 20 minutes to seconds
2 hrs * 60 minutes/1hr * 60 sec/min = 7200 sec
20 minutes * 60 sec/min = 120 sec
2 hr 20 min = 7320 seconds
distance = rate * time
distance = 80 m/s * 7320 s = 585600 m
In the question there are numerous information's of immense importance already given. Let us write them down first
Distance traveled by bike = x km
Distance traveled by bus = y km
Total distance traveled by George and Carmen = 325 km
Then
x + y = 325
Another equation can be determined by
x - y = 75
x = y + 75
Now we will put the value of x in relation to y in the first equation.
x + y =325
y + 75 + y = 325
2y = 325 - 75
2y =250
y = 250/2
= 125 km
Now putting the value of y in equation given below, we get
x + y = 325
x + 125 = 325
x = 325 - 125
= 200 km
So the distance they biked is 200 km and the distance they traveled by bus is 125 km.
It is the third option: {1, 2, 3}
